Papers reviewed and determined not to be word norm studies. Use the flag icon to report errors or suggest re-inclusion.
18265 papers
Similarity calculation between business process models has an important role in managing repository of business process model. One of its uses is to facilitate the searching process of models in the repository. Business process similarity is closely related to semantic string similarity. Semantic string similarity is usually performed by utilizing a lexical database such as WordNet to find the semantic meaning of the word. The activity name of the business process uses terms that specifically related to the business field. However, most of the terms in business domain are not available in WordNet. This case would decrease the semantic analysis quality of business process model. Therefore, this study would try to improve semantic analysis of business process model. We present a new lexical database called B-BabelNet. B-BabelNet is a lexical database built by using the same method in BabelNet. We attempt to map the Wikipedia page to WordNet database but only focus on the word related to the domain of business. Also, to enrich the vocabulary in the business domain, we also use terms in the business-specific online dictionary (businessdictionary.com). We utilize this database to do word sense disambiguation process on business process model activity’s terms. The result from this study shows that the database can increase the accuracy of the word sense disambiguation process especially in particular terms related to the business and industrial domains.
Public textual cyberbullying has become one of the most prevalent issues associated with\nonline safety of young people, particularly on social networks. To address this issue, we\nargue that the boundaries of what constitutes public textual cyberbullying needs to be first\nidentified and a corresponding linguistically motivated definition needs to be advanced.\nThus, we propose a definition of public textual cyberbullying that contains three necessary\nand sufficient elements: the personal marker, the dysphemistic element and the\ncyberbullying link between the previous two elements. Subsequently, we argue that one of\nthe cornerstones in the overall process of mitigating the effects of cyberbullying is the\ndesign of a cyberbullying lexical database that specifies what linguistic and cyberbullying\nspecific information is relevant to the detection process. In this vein, we propose a novel\ncyberbullying lexical database based on the definition of public textual cyberbullying. The\noverall architecture of our cyberbullying lexical database is determined semantically, and, in\norder to facilitate cyberbullying detection, the lexical entry encapsulates two new semantic\ndimensions that are derived from our definition: cyberbullying function and cyberbullying\nreferential domain. In addition, the lexical entry encapsulates other semantic and syntactic \ninformation, such as sense and syntactic category, information that, not only aids the\nprocess of detection, but also allows us to expand the cyberbullying database using\nWordNet (Miller, 1993).
This paper describes the use of GrETEL for linguistic research. GrETEL is a linguistic search tool that enables users to look up constructions in syntactically annotated corpora or <i>treebanks</i>. It provides online access to the data, allowing users to query a treebank using either an example sentence or an XPath expression in order to look for similar constructions. A major asset of GrETEL is that it enables non-technical users to consult treebanks in a user-friendly way, which is also in line with the main CLARIN goal of applying the results of speech and language technology to research in the humanities and the social sciences. Besides a description of the querying procedure in GrETEL, this paper presents a selection of research in Dutch syntax and semantics that has been carried out using GrETEL. Furthermore, an overview is given of further developments.
We first present a minimal feature set for transition-based dependency parsing, continuing a recent trend started by Kiperwasser and Goldberg (2016a) and Cross and Huang (2016a) of using bi-directional LSTM features. We plug our minimal feature set into the dynamic-programming framework of Huang and Sagae (2010) and With our minimal features, we also present Opn 3 q global training methods. Finally, using ensembles including our new parsers, we achieve the best unlabeled attachment score reported (to our knowledge) on the Chinese Treebank and the "second-best-in-class" result on the English Penn Treebank.
In this paper, we describe a method for mapping the phonological feature location of Swedish Sign Language (SSL) signs to the meanings in the Swedish semantic dictionary SALDO.By doing so, we observe clear differences in the distribution of meanings associated with different locations on the body.The prominence of certain locations for specific meanings clearly point to iconic mappings between form and meaning in the lexicon of SSL, which pinpoints modalityspecific properties of the visual modality.
This paper describes the IIT Kharagpur dependency parsing system in CoNLL-2017 shared task on Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies. We primarily focus on the lowresource languages (surprise languages). We have developed a framework to combine multiple treebanks to train parsers for low resource languages by a delexicalization method. We have applied transformation on the source language treebanks based on syntactic features of the low-resource language to improve performance of the parser. In the official evaluation, our system achieves macro-averaged LAS scores of 67.61 and 37.16 on the entire blind test data and the surprise language test data respectively.
Multiword expressions (MWEs) are linguistic objects containing two or more words and showing idiosyncratic behavior at different levels. Treebanks with annotated MWEs enable studies of such properties, as well as training and evaluation of MWE-aware parsers. However, few treebanks contain full-fledged MWE annotations. We show how this gap can be bridged in Polish by projecting 3 MWE resources on a constituency treebank.
The amount of data that is available for research grows rapidly, yet technology to efficiently interpret and excavate these data lags behind. For instance, when using large treebanks for linguistic research, the speed of a query leaves much to be desired. GrETEL Indexing, or GrInding, tackles this issue. The idea behind GrInding is to make the search space as small as possible before actually starting the treebank search, by pre-processing the treebank at hand. We recursively divide the treebank into smaller parts, called subtree-banks, which are then converted into database files. All subtree-banks are organized according to their linguistic dependency pattern, and labeled as such. Additionally, general patterns are linked to more specific ones. By doing so, we create millions of databases, and given a linguistic structure we know in which databases that structure can occur, leading up to a significant efficiency boost. We present the results of a benchmark experiment, testing the effect of the GrInding procedure on the SoNaR-500 treebank.
The Universal Dependencies Project1\n(Nivre, [9]; Nivre et al., [10]) is an\nongoing effort towards creating a set of harmonised dependency treebanks\nthat are annotated and structured according to universal guidelines. This paper reports on the addition of morphological features to the Irish Universal\nDependencies Treebank (IUDT). Our feature set subscribes to the feature inventory of the UD Project and has been mapped from Irish morpho-syntactic\ntags – the output of a Finite State Morphological Analyser for Irish (Uí Dhonnchadha and van Genabith [16]). Irish, a Celtic language, has some relatively unusual morphological features that require language-specific labels\nnot covered by the universal feature set. In this paper, we summarise the\nIrish-specific features that we have added to this set by explaining the linguistic properties that they each describe. We also report on the first parsing\nexperiments using the IUDT by assessing the effect that the inclusion of morphological features has on parsing accuracy.
For the data-driven approach in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, good quality linguistic resources considered as a main factor to obtain good results. Although Arabic language is one of the main languages in the world, it is considered as low-resourced language in term of good quality and free linguistic resources. This work presents the first stage of building a new open source dependency treebank for Arabic language. It describes the prototype of the new dependency treebank that are inspired by Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG). This paper shows a main approach of developing a newly treebank and put lines the future work needed to complete this novel linguistic resource.
This paper presents Autobank, a prototype tool for constructing a widecoverage Minimalist Grammar (MG) The front end of the tool is a graphical user interface which facilitates the rapid development of a seed set of MG trees via manual reannotation of PTB preterminals with MG lexical categories. The system then extracts various dependency mappings between the source and target trees, and uses these in concert with a non-statistical MG parser to automatically reannotate the rest of the corpus. Autobank thus enables deep treebank conversions (and subsequent modifications) without the need for complex transduction algorithms accompanied by cascades of ad hoc rules; instead, the locus of human effort falls directly on the task of grammar construction itself.
Because of the importance of the information conveyed by the clinical documents and owing to the large quantity of raw texts produced in the healthcare system, it became a determinant challenge, in the NLP research field, to arrange the extraction and the management of meaningful data, starting from real text occurrences. In this paper we approach a corpus of 5000 medical diagnoses with sophisticated linguistic and computational devices, which are able to access the semantic dimension of words and sentences contained in it. Our morphosemantic method is grounded on a list of neoclassical formative elements pertaining to the medical domain which has been used for the automatic creation and population of medical lexical resources. The outcomes of this work are automatically built electronic dictionaries and thesauri and an annotated corpus for the NLP in the medical domain.
Because of the importance of the information conveyed by the clinical documents and owing to the large quantity of raw texts produced in the healthcare system, it became a determinant challenge, in the NLP research field, to arrange the extraction and the management of meaningful data, starting from real text occurrences. In this paper we approach a corpus of 5000 medical diagnoses with sophisticated linguistic and computational devices, which are able to access the semantic dimension of words and sentences contained in it. Our morphosemantic method is grounded on a list of neoclassical formative elements pertaining to the medical domain which has been used for the automatic creation and population of medical lexical resources. The outcomes of this work are automatically built electronic dictionaries and thesauri and an annotated corpus for the NLP in the medical domain.
Trance parsing model + Embedding vector. See https://github.com/tarowatanabe/trance for the parser and its usage. We also provide parsing and learning scripts for the Trance parser that we used for the paper; 1/ parsing model: ptb_train.txt.model-d100.tar.gz 2/ embedding vector: embedding-d100.vec.gz 3/ trance parser parsing script: trance-parsing.sh 4/ trance parser (batch) learning script: trance-training-batch.sh 5/ test.txt (gold file) and test.txt.leaf is for the parser input.
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), such as long short-term memory networks (LSTMs), serve as a fundamental building block for many sequence learning tasks, including machine translation, language modeling, and question answering. In this paper, we consider the specific problem of word-level language modeling and investigate strategies for regularizing and optimizing LSTM-based models. We propose the weight-dropped LSTM which uses DropConnect on hidden-to-hidden weights as a form of recurrent regularization. Further, we introduce NT-ASGD, a variant of the averaged stochastic gradient method, wherein the averaging trigger is determined using a non-monotonic condition as opposed to being tuned by the user. Using these and other regularization strategies, we achieve state-of-the-art word level perplexities on two data sets: 57.3 on Penn Treebank and 65.8 on WikiText-2. In exploring the effectiveness of a neural cache in conjunction with our proposed model, we achieve an even lower state-of-the-art perplexity of 52.8 on Penn Treebank and 52.0 on WikiText-2.
The extraction of abstract structures from speech (or from gestures in the case of sign languages) has been claimed to be a fundamental mechanism for language acquisition. In the present study we registered the neural responses that are triggered when a violation of an abstract, token-independent rule is detected. We registered ERPs while presenting participants with trisyllabic CVCVCV nonsense words in an oddball paradigm. Standard stimuli followed an ABB rule (where A and B are different syllables). Importantly, to distinguish neural responses triggered by changes in surface information from responses triggered by changes in the underlying abstract structure, we used two types of deviant stimuli. Phoneme deviants differed from standards only in their phonemes. Rule deviants differed from standards in both their phonemes and their composing rule. We observed a significant positivity as early as 300 ms after the presentation of deviant stimuli that violated the abstract rule (Rule dev)
The aim of this article is to investigate the growth of lexical norms with a focus on legal language during the end of the 17th century. The materials used are the first two legal handbooks in Swedish, the protocols from the King’s committee for the great revision of Swedish Law, known as the Law of 1734, and texts written by three Swedish lexicographers and linguistic authorities during the early 1800th century. The article is based on empirical studies of legal vocabulary and discussions of lexical norms, and the results give reason to believe that the official linguistic norm in modern Swedish, i.e. the functional norm, is based on the same fundamental mindset concerning the establishment of linguistic novelties as in the 17th century, although the political and democratic conditions have changed over the years.
У статті проаналізовано поняття мовної норми – традиційного зразка, стандарту, якому властиві правильність, доречність, естетична гармонійність; а також орфографічної компетенції як невід’ємного складника писемного мовлення; охарактеризовано процес формування орфографічних навичок, який передбачає поетапне навчання, що здійснюється шляхом реалізації загальнодидактичних і методичних принципів, на основі комунікативно-діяльнісного підходу; описано суперечності, притаманні методиці викладання української мови, яка не бере до уваги вплив на учня сім’ї, дитячої субкультури, художньої літератури, засобів масової інформації; визначено ефективні прийоми і засоби протидії інтерференційним впливам на механізм вироблення в учнів орфографічних навичок у певному мовленнєвому середовищі. (In this article, we analyze the notion of linguistic norm – a traditional example, a standard which is inherently defined by correctness, relevance, aesthetic harmony, and orthographic competence as integral components of written communication; characterize the formation process of orthographic skills, which provides consecutive learning embodied by realizing all-didactic and methodological principles on the basis of an active communication approach; describe contradictions which are inherent to the methodology of teaching Ukrainian language which don’t consider the influences of family, children’s subculture, literary fiction, and effects of media on a pupil. These stand out as effective methods and antidotes to interfering influences on mechanisms for producing orthographic skills in pupils in a particular linguistic environment. It is difficult to facilitate transition from colloquial dialect to literary language, which has to be done gradually on condition of knowing the underlying history of Ukrainian dialectology, distinguishing features of dialects, typical phenomena of dialects inherent to different groups of dialects, dialectal particulars of a population of the place where the school is located. It should be emphasized that in dialectal conditions the teacher has to deal with important issues such as: varied stability of dialects and diverse abilities of pupils to free themselves from one and the same linguistic nonconformity; which is caused by subjective factors (individual characteristics of pupils, ability to absorb the new information, flexible thinking), as well as objective factors of character; the spread of particular linguistic phenomena in dialects and in practical discourse of a pupil especially; language environment in which a particular dialectal feature functions.)
This paper examines the mobilisation of linguistic ideologies as a form of dissent from dominant discourses of identity in contemporary Middle Eastern media. As part of my broader doctoral research on non-government Jordanian radio today, it takes a linguistical anthropological perspective focused on the notion of indexicality: the non-referential meanings that are invoked contingently in language use, and thus articulate links to broader social and cultural ideologies, including stereotypes of identity categories such as gender and geographic origins.I examine two case studies in which speakers problematise and reframe such stereotypes. The first involves the indexical mechanism of implicature, whereby a talk show caller mounts a challenge to dominant discourses of urban linguistic refinement through the ironic use of a ‘sanitised’ pronunciation of a local Jordanian dish (ca‘ācīl / ka‘ākīl). The second, from a programme in honour of a Jordanian pilot executed by the Islamic State (IS) in Syria, exhibits the performance of an evaluative stance towards Jordanian military activity as a form of patriotic nationalism, through the use of the [g] pronunciation of the sound /q/ (qāf) by a female broadcaster – a usage that defies gendered linguistic norms Jordanian radio, which require female speakers to use the [ʔ] (glottal stop) pronunciation instead.While these contingent uses of implicature and stance form challenges to certain dominant discourses, they are nevertheless ambiguous in that they draw on other problematic ideologies, including localist linguistic ‘authenticity’ and patriotic Jordanian nationalism. Thus, while details of language use provide important potential for dissent, this paper also problematises this potential – asking whether (1) subversive linguistic practices always need to draw on other dominant discourses in order to be meaningful, and (2) whether such references necessarily make dissent compromised or illegitimate.
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are important class of architectures among neural networks useful for language modeling and sequential prediction. However, optimizing RNNs is known to be harder compared to feed-forward neural networks. A number of techniques have been proposed in literature to address this problem. In this paper we propose a simple technique called fraternal dropout that takes advantage of dropout to achieve this goal. Specifically, we propose to train two identical copies of an RNN (that share parameters) with different dropout masks while minimizing the difference between their (pre-softmax) predictions. In this way our regularization encourages the representations of RNNs to be invariant to dropout mask, thus being robust. We show that our regularization term is upper bounded by the expectation-linear dropout objective which has been shown to address the gap due to the difference between the train and inference phases of dropout. We evaluate our model and achieve state-of-the-art results in sequence modeling tasks on two benchmark datasets - Penn Treebank and Wikitext-2. We also show that our approach leads to performance improvement by a significant margin in image captioning (Microsoft COCO) and semi-supervised (CIFAR-10) tasks.
Este artigo mostra como a infraestrutura digital do terceiro milênio está afetando o emprego de materiais digitais de ensino de grego antigo. Dentro de uma abordagem com foco em ‘aprender fazendo’, apresenta os principais pressupostos do classicismo na era digital atual apontando o trabalho de alunos e professores como um meio de produzir dados para bancos de dados de língua e cultura grega, como a Biblioteca Digital Perseu, com serviços de consulta e pesquisa, contribuindo para a formação de corpora abertos de traduções em português de textos gregos. Tal produção pode-se dar na forma de edições digitais anotadas e com traduções alinhadas. Explica-se aqui uso da plataforma Perseids para anotação de árvores sintáticas de dependência do grego antigo (treebanking) e para edição de traduções paralelas alinhadas, propondo uma atividade utilizando as suas ferramentas Arethusa e Alpheios.
Diminished QoL is a major concern among older adults in Alzheimer’s disease associated neurodegenerative processes, such as amnestic MCI. To better assess and improve their well-being, it is important to understand the neural basis of QoL and factors leading to better QoL. In this case-controlled study (MCI, n = 18; healthy control (HC), n = 21), we examined the relationship between QoL and cognition-demanding acute stress tasks, and the neural mechanism linking these two. Acute stress tasks were the total 20-minute Stroop Word Color task and Dual 1-back task. The discrepancy of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging administered before and after the tasks was extracted as the neural stress reactivity. The discrepancy of psychological valence and arousal rating was considered the psychological stress reactivity. QoL and ALFF reactivity in three regions (anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), and superior frontal gyrus (SFG)) significantly differed between groups. The associations of MPFC and SFG’s reactivity with QoL were not group-specific while the associations of valence and arousal reactivity with QoL were group-specific. Greater arousal reactivity (adaptive coping) was associated with better QoL in HC; lower valence reactivity (maladaptive coping) was associated with worse QoL in MCI. SFG reactivity significantly mediated the association between valence reactivity and QoL for the entire sample. The MCI group may be more sensitive to maladaptive coping. Enhancing SFG, especially among those with MCI, may be a way to intervene in the negative impact of maladaptive stress regulation on QoL.
BACKGROUND: Social interactions that lead to positive affect are fundamental to human well-being. However, individuals with dementia are challenged to achieve positive social interaction. It is unclear how social interactions influence affect in people with dementia. This study examined the association between social interactions and affect in nursing home residents with dementia. METHODS: This repeated measures study used baseline data from a clinical trial in which 126 residents from 12 nursing homes were enrolled. Participants were video recorded twice daily on five days. Ratings of social interaction and affect were taken from the videotapes using the Interacting with People subscale of the Passivity in Dementia and the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Apparent Affect Rating Scale. Linear mixed models were used for analysis. RESULTS: Social interaction was significantly related to higher interest and pleasure at within- and between-person levels. Social interaction significantly predicted anxiety and sadness at the between-person level only. Residents with higher cognitive function also displayed greater pleasure. Greater interest and anxiety was evident during the afternoon hours. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the impact of social interactions on positive and negative affect. Findings can guide intervention development, aimed at promoting positive social interactions and improving affect for people with dementia.
Koh, Seung-hui. 2017. “A Study on the Social Aspect through Neologism in Modern Polish”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 25(3). 29~64. The purpose of this paper is to research the word formation and meaning of newly coined words in modern Polish, and to investigate latest social changes in present Poland reflected in these new words. This paper consists of two main sections. The first section describes the linguistic analysis of newly coined words of Polish origin and loanwords from various languages. A large number of English words have flowed into Polish for a variety of reasons. English loanwords occupied about 70% of the database in this study database. The second section examines the socio-cultural changes through an analysis of words in various fields. From the analysis of gathered lexical database we can confirm the acceptance phenomenon of the most frequently, sometimes excessively used English loanwords among the young generation in Poland and look over the changes in Polish society through each word.
Whether Hong Kong English (HKE) should be a linguistic variety has been one of the most-debated topics in HKE studies since the landmark study of Luke and Richards (1982). Scholars dispute over whether the set of features in the English spoken or written by Hong Kong people should be regarded as a variety. Given how this decision should not sole depend on the scholars, and how the users' viewpoints should also be considered, it is necessary to survey the opinions and attitudes of Hong Kong people on these features.The variety status is highly dependable on how people's attitudes towards its recognition and agreement in society. However, little attention was given to the people's attitudes towards online HKE and whether these attitudes help to constitute a linguistic variety of online HKE. In this project, I apply the linguistic norms framework (Poon, forthcoming) to test whether Hong Kong people see these features constitute a variety. This study investigated the attitudes of Hong Kong people towards online HKE, and in the process, explored whether the recognition of online HKE might allow us to recognise Hong Kong English as a variety in both online and offline contexts.
Increasing the capacity of recurrent neural networks (RNN) usually involves augmenting the size of the hidden layer, resulting in a significant increase of computational cost. An alternative is the recurrent neural tensor network (RNTN), which increases capacity by employing distinct hidden layer weights for each vocabulary word. The disadvantage of RNTNs is that memory usage scales linearly with vocabulary size, which can reach millions for word-level language models. In this paper, we introduce restricted recurrent neural tensor networks (r-RNTN) which reserve distinct hidden layer weights for frequent vocabulary words while sharing a single set of weights for infrequent words. Perplexity evaluations using the Penn Treebank corpus show that r-RNTNs improve language model performance over standard RNNs using only a small fraction of the parameters of unrestricted RNTNs.
Solving the issue of intuition activity dynamics opens up possibilities in the management of intuition, with consideration of factors affecting the temporal characteristics of its functioning. This is particularly important in dangerous professions, where the price for failure is high, such as the activities of Interior Ministry members. Subject of our research is features of intuition activity dynamics in police officers from different substructures with consideration for gender. For our research purposes, we used a set of methods (both theoretical and practical) that includes: generalization, theoretical analysis of potential factors of dynamics of intuition activity; the interpretation of the experimental procedure with affective pictures relevant to the dangerous part of activity of police officer; authors’ software stimuli (modified for police officers as the test subjects), database International Affective Picture System” (IAPS); descriptive statistics, binomial statistical test, “Angular transformation of Fisher” statistical test. For majority of groups in men, the maximum of efficiency is observed during 21–30 attempts (for joined sample is 53.43%, p = 0.001 against 50% by binomial test). monotonic increase of efficiency during previous attempts possibly indicates that during anticipation of dangerous situations, relevant to the real activity of police officers, the training for inclusion into a task is quite important. Women police officers in general regardless to the number of trial, anticipate dangerous situations significantly more effectively (p = 0.036 by “Angular transformation of Fisher” test). Our conclusions are as follows: (i) pictures with content relevant to professional activity of police officers, more effectively anticipated during 21–30 trials; (ii) gender affects to the dynamics of anticipation of dangerous situations; (iii) in general, women police officers anticipate the dangerous contented pictures more effectively than men. Bem D., Tressoldi P., Rabeyron T., Duggan M. Feeling the Future: A Meta-Analysis of 90 Experiments on the Anomalous Anticipation of Random Future Events. F1000Research 4 (2015): 1188. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7177.1. Bem D.J. Feeling the Future: Experimental Evidence for Anomalous Retroactive Influences on Cognition and Affect. Journal of Personality and Social 100 (2011): 407–425. Binhi V.N. Principles of Electromagnetic Biophysics. Moscow: FIZMATLIT Publisher, 2011. (In Russian). Geodakyan V.A. Evolutionary theory of sex. Priroda [The Nature] 8 1991: 60–69. (In Russian)/ Grigoriev P.E., Vasilieva I.V. Signal Role of Emotions in Activity Actualizing Intuition. Space and Time 4 (2015): 292–299. (In Russian). Grigoriev P.E., Vasileva I.V. The Dependence of Effectiveness of Affective Colored Images Predicting on Basic Needs Satisfaction. Space and Time 3 (2015): 350–358. (In Russian). Grigoriev P., Vasileva I.V., Ignatov A.N. The Possible Role of Intuition in Predicting Emotiogenic and Criminogenic Situations. All-Russian Scientific-Practical Conference Countering Extremism and Terrorism in the Crimean Federal District: Theory and Practice (Simferopol, Krasnodar University of the Crimean Branch of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 8 Oct. 2015). Simferopol, 2015, pp. 234–238. (In Russian). Grigoriev P., Vasilieva I.V., Ignatov A.N. Individually-Psychological Correlates of Features of Dangerous Situations Intuitive Prediction in Members of Interior. Bulletin of Krasnodar University of Ministry of Interior 1 (2016): 196–201. (In Russian). Jung C.G. Psychic Energy. Moscow: Akademichesky proekt Publisher, Foundation ‘Mir’ Publisher, 2010. (In Russian). Lang P.J., Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N. International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Affective Ratings of Pictures and Instruction Manual. Technical Report A-8. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, 2008. Li A.G. On the Matter of Method for Studying Some Unusual Phenomena of Human Psyche. Parapsychology in the USSR 2 (1991): 34–38. (In Russian). Li A.G. Statistical Approaches to Processing and Interpreting Results of Experiments to Identify a Person's Abilities for Extrasensory Perception. Parapsychology in the USSR 1 (1992): 23–30. (In Russian). Naftulin D.H., Ware J.E., Donnelly F.A. The Doctor Fox Lecture: a Paradigm of Educational Seduction. Journal of Medical Education 48 (July 1973): 630–635. Rosenthal R., Jacobson L. Pygmalion in the Classroom. New York: Irvington, 1992. Schmidt H. Observation of a Psychokinetic Effect under Highly Controlled Conditions. Journal of Parapsychology 57 (1993): 351–372. Schmidt H. The Strange Properties of Psychokinesis. Journal of Scientific Exploration 1.2 (1987): 103–118. Smith M.D. The of the 'Psi-conducive' Experimenter.': Personality, Attitudes towards Psi, and Personal Psi Experience. Journal of Parapsychology 67 (2003): 117–128. Smith M.D. The Role of the Experimenter in Parapsychological Research. Journal of Consciousness Studies 10 (2003): 69–84. Vasilieva I.V. Intuitive Mechanisms in Self-regulation Structure in Extreme Situations in Representatives of Dangerous Tyumen: Pechatnik Publisher, 2010. (In Russian). Vasilieva I.V. Questionnaire for Studying Intuition Parameters in Self-regulation Structure in Extreme Situations in Representatives of Dangerous Professions. Bulletin of Tyumen State University 5 (2010): 148–154. (In Russian). Vasilieva I., Grigoriev P.E. Feedback Effect in Activity Actualizing Intuition. Innovative Projects and Programs in Education 5 (2014): 52–60. (In Russian). Vasilieva I.V., Grigoriev P.E. Intuition: From the Contradictory of Theoretical Explanations to the Methodology of Evidence-based Empirical Research. Bulletin of Tyumen State University. Pedagogy. 9 (2014): 189–195. (In Russian) Vasilieva I.V., Grigoriev P.E., Taratukhin A.A. Computer Maintenance of Intuition Studies. Proceedings of the 3rd All-Russian Conference on Psychological Diagnosis Modern Psychodiagnostics in Russia. Overcoming the Crisis (Chelyabinsk, 9–11 Sep. 2015). Chelyabinsk: Research Centre of South Ural State University Publisher, 2015, volume 1, pp. 45–48. (In Russian). Vasilieva I.V., Zaeva M.A., Grigoriev P.E. Relation between Gender and Features of Intuition in Young People. Proceedings of the Scientific Conference Ananiev Readings – 2015: Fundamental Problems of Psychology (St. Petersburg, October 20-22, 2015). St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University Publisher, Skifiya-print Publisher, 2015, pp. 12–13. (In Russian). Grigoriev, P. G., I. V. Vasilieva, and A. N. Ignatov. Dynamics of Intuitive Activity for Predicting Socially Dangerous Situations in Interior Ministry Members. Space and Time 1 (2017): 275–283. (In Russian). Fixed network address 2226-7271provr_st1-27.2017.103.
The availability of linguistic databases for a variety of languages and a variety of linguistic levels is enabling for a number of areas of research. Within writing system and literacy research, databases of orthographic information per se as well as a variety of forms of phonological information at least, and potentially morphological, syntactic and semantic information may all be useful. The papers within this special issue address a range of databases for different languages and with a range of different types of information. They talk about both the development and uses of such databases.
The SCATE (Smart Computer-Assisted Translation Environment) research project is a multidisciplinary co-operation with the objective of improving translators’ efficiency and consistency through a better integration of existing translation technologies and exploitation of resources. One aspect of this project was to investigate the process of terminology extraction by humans and to automate the process of terminology extraction from comparable corpora. The methods consist of three main tasks: (1) study of translators’ methods to acquire domain knowledge and terminology, (2) determining comparable corpora, and (3) automatic terminology extraction from comparable text. In this presentation we will focus on the results of task (1) which has been completed, and present the preliminary results of task (3). In task (1) we collected the data through an international survey and observations of 16 translators and terminologists at their workplaces across a period of 8 months in 2015. The study revealed information about translators’ web search behaviour and usage of online linguistic resources to solve terminological problems. Besides these, we have identified needs and shortcomings of different CAT tools regarding the terminology management component, integration with online databases and exchange of terminological data. In task (3) we identified two subtasks: monolingual term extraction and term linking (i.e., linking terms to their corresponding translation). For the term extraction, we applied a hybrid approach combining linguistic and statistical information (Macken et al., 2013). Subsequently, two different techniques were investigated to link the translation equivalents: probabilistic topic models as well as different neural network architectures. The best results were obtained with a neural network model. In order to evaluate the performance of the different modules, we created a gold standard for three different domains (heart failure, wind energy, corruption) in three different languages (English, French, Dutch). References Poly-GrETEL. Available online at https://clarin.eu/showcase/poly-gretel-search-engine-querying-syntactic-constructions-parallel-treebanks Macken, L., Lefever, E. & Hoste, V. (2013). TExSIS: Bilingual Terminology Extraction from Parallel Corpora Using Chunk-based Alignment. Terminology, 19 (1), 1-30. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Netherlands. van den Bergh, Jan et al. (2015). Recommendations for Translation Environments to Improve Translators' workflows. Translating and the Computer 37. Asling. London. van der Lek-Ciudin, Iulianna, Tom Vanallemeersch and Ken de Wachter (2015). Contextual Inquiries at translators’ workplaces. In Proceedings of the 1st TAO-CAT, Angers 2015 TermWise: Resources for Specialised Language Use. Information available online at http://liir.cs.kuleuven.be/projects.php?project=177
Sleep disturbance is a core symptom of Pediatric post-traumatic stress disorder (PPTSD). Given the link between sleep and affective processing, disruptions in sleep-dependent processing of emotional material have been suggested to contribute to symptom maintenance. In this study we sought to asses the relationship between sleep and emotion processing in youth with PPTSD relative to healthy control subjects. Seven participants with PTSD (aged 14.5 ± 2.9; CAPS-CA score 64.8 ± 17.8) and three age- and sex- matched controls (aged 12.0 ± 0.8) completed two overnight high-density EEG (256-channel) polysomnography sleep studies. Prior to sleep on night 2, participants rated 70 neutral and 70 negative scenes with respect to level of arousal on a scale of 1–9 using the Self-Assessment Manikin rating system (SAM). The following morning, recall was tested with 100 previously viewed images and 100 new images. Participants again rated images on level of arousal. Sleep: No significant differences were observed between groups for any PSG variable. However, differences in the percent of NREM stage 2 decreased for both groups during sleep on the task night relative to baseline night, with a larger % decrease in the PTSD group (control %2.29 ± 9.04 vs. PTSD %6.34 ± 0.63). Behavior: Recall accuracy (control 78.3 ± 9.8 vs. PTSD 81.6 ± 15.3) did not differ between groups, nor did recall accuracy for emotional images (control 81.3 ± 10.8 vs. PTSD 77.6 ± 14.8). Ratings of arousal did not distinguish groups at encoding. However, ratings of arousal during the recall session for previously viewed negative images was markedly different in each group. As a group, PPTSD children subtly increased arousal ratings of negative remembered-images from evening to morning (mean night, 6.18 ± 2.31, morning 6.34 ± 2.66) while the control group robustly decreased arousal ratings (7.22 ± 2.67, 2.18 ± 1.21). Given our sample size, firm conclusions are impossible. However, our results suggest that sleep quality may adversely impact the process of emotional evaluation in children with PTSD. none
This chapter is devoted to the rare lexical material from the territory of today’s eastern Slovakia and Zakarpattya region in Ukraine, which was collected by Ivan Pankevych for the dictionary of the Southern Carpathian Ukrainian dialects. We focus primarily on the identification of the literary sources used to excerption. Recently, this material has been processed into a lexical database in the Institute of Slavonic Studies AS CR.
This paper describes the submission from the University of Helsinki to the\nshared task on cross-lingual dependency parsing at VarDial 2017. We present\nwork on annotation projection and treebank translation that gave good results\nfor all three target languages in the test set. In particular, Slovak seems to\nwork well with information coming from the Czech treebank, which is in line\nwith related work. The attachment scores for cross-lingual models even surpass\nthe fully supervised models trained on the target language treebank. Croatian\nis the most difficult language in the test set and the improvements over the\nbaseline are rather modest. Norwegian works best with information coming from\nSwedish whereas Danish contributes surprisingly little.\n
Precisely understanding the value and perception of consumers has long been recognized as essential elements of every market-oriented company's core business strategy. For this reason, customers' affection, as the basis for the formation of human values and judgment, should be considered carefully to strengthen the product quality and competitiveness. However, conventional product design places more attention to functional attributes and requires survey process to collect customers' evaluations, neglecting the in-depth study of the underlying associations between design properties and consumers' emotions based on the abundant online consumer response resources. To improve the deficiency, this study was proposed to develop a product affective properties identification approach. Particularly, data mining techniques (e.g. web mining, text mining) are applied to capture online product review resources. Considering the characteristics of user/consumer responses and evaluations, ontology is utilized to assist in the semantic analysis. With the help of product knowledge hierarchy and electronic lexical database, product properties, which can evoke consumers' affect, can be identified. Furthermore, the identified product affective properties are prioritized to provide designers with important reference for future improvement on the product. To illustrate the proposed approach, a pilot study based on iPhone 7 was conducted, in which the influential affective properties have been identified, and a ranking of them has been mapped out.
While there is considerable evidence for neurobiological and neuropsychological impairments in clinical or incarcerated psychopaths, there is less research examining these domains among nonincarcerated adults with high levels of psychopathic traits (i.e., subclinical psychopaths).The present study examined differences in neuroendocrine and autonomic functioning, affective processing, and self-reported and behavioral aggression in young adult males with high levels of subclinical psychopathy, compared to young adult males with low levels of psychopathic characteristics.Participants completed selfreport questionnaires assessing psychopathic traits, aggression, drug and alcohol use, and other demographic information.They provided salivary cortisol samples before and 25 minutes after participating in a social stressor.Participants completed an affective processing task, during which their skin conductance reactivity was measured.They also engaged in a behavioral aggression task.Contrary to hypotheses, no differences between psychopathic groups were found in basal cortisol levels or cortisol reactivity following a social stressor, skin conductance reactivity while viewing negative pictures, valence ratings while viewing negative pictures, or aggression during a laboratory aggression task.Consistent with hypotheses, males with higher levels of psychopathic traits reported engaging in more physical and verbal aggression compared to the group with lower levels
This paper intends to investigate Greek influence on the Latin sound change [b] > [β] suggested occasionally in the literature by surveying not only the relevant linguistic data of Latin/Romance and Koine/Modern Greek but also the relevant literature and by involving and analyzing data sets recorded from 18 Roman provinces and the city of Rome in the Computerized Historical Linguistic Database of the Latin Inscriptions of the Imperial Age (cf. http://lldb.elte.hu/) by a more differentiated phonological approach considering external sandhi rules and in a chronological distribution more detailed than any applied before. In the end, the influence of Greek has been evidenced at least for some areas and especially for the early period (1 st –3 rd century AD), which is more important in this respect than the late period (4 th –6 th century AD), since then the merger can also be explained by developments in Latin itself beside a supposed external influence.
Dependency parses are an effective way to inject linguistic knowledge into many downstream tasks, and many practitioners wish to efficiently parse sentences at scale. Recent advances in GPU hardware have enabled neural networks to achieve significant gains over the previous best models, these models still fail to leverage GPUs' capability for massive parallelism due to their requirement of sequential processing of the sentence. In response, we propose Dilated Iterated Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (DIG-CNNs) for graphbased dependency parsing, a graph convolutional architecture that allows for efficient end-to-end GPU parsing. In experiments on the English Penn TreeBank benchmark, we show that DIG-CNNs perform on par with some of the best neural network parsers.
This article deals with the recursive compounding of Old English nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. It addresses the question of the textual occurrences of the compounds of Old English by means of a corpus analysis based on the Dictionary of Old English Corpus. The data of qualitative analysis have been retrieved from the lexical database of Old English Nerthus. The analysis shows that the nominal, adjectival and adverbial compounds of Old English can be recursive. Nominal compounding allows double recursivity, whereas adjectival and adverbial compounding do not. The conclusion is reached that both the type and token frequencies of recursive compounds are very low; and recursive compounds from the adjectival class are more exocentric as regards categorisation.
Exposed disagreement is extremely rare in natural dialogue. Although informal argumentation features frequently in natural dialogue, the ways in which individuals make and evidence claims and position their opinions in relation to those of others is often achieved through more subtle and oblique methods. This makes natural dialogue distinct from more formal or institutionalised contexts. With increasing availability of natural dialogue datasets and with increasingly diverse contexts within which the application of argumentation modelling could be beneficial, being able to identify and interpret argumentation in natural dialogue becomes more important; so too does an understanding of why argumentation is enacted differently in natural dialogue and how factors such as politeness impact upon this. In this paper we highlight some of the ways in which argumentative content is produced differently in natural dialogue compared to formalised debate contexts and highly structured documents. We present some initial findings that demonstrate how existing models such as the Penn Discourse Treebank need further development if they are to adapt to the more dialogic data created on the social web.
In a paper entitled “Against markedness (and what to replace it with)”, Haspelmath argues “that the term ‘markedness’ is superfluous”, and that frequency asymmetries often explain structural (un)markedness asymmetries (Haspelmath 2006). We investigate whether this argument applies to Object and Verb orders in main (VO, marked) and subordinate (OV, unmarked) clauses of spoken and written German and Dutch, using English (without VO/OV alternation) as control. Frequency counts from six treebanks (three languages, two output modalities) do not support Haspelmath’s proposal. However, they reveal an unexpected phenomenon, most prominently in spoken Dutch and German: a small set of extremely high-frequent finite verbs with unspecific meanings populates main clauses much more densely than subordinate clauses. We suggest these verbs accelerate the start-up of grammatical encoding, thus facilitating sentence-initial output fluency.