Most treebank work in the past has focused on European and Asian languages. The Wikipedia Treebank page lists treebanks (or treebank projects) for about 20 modern European languages (ranging from Basque to Swedish), five Asian languages (Chinese, Japanese, Hindi, Korean, Thai), two ancient languages (Greek and Latin), plus Arabic and Hebrew. Almost no treebanking work has been done on African or American indigenous languages.1 In the past we have explored parallel treebanks for English, German and Swedish [7]. Now we would like to explore to what extent our tools and guidelines will work when we include a very different language, Quechua, for which only few NLP resources exist. Since Quechua is spoken in Latin America, Spanish as parallel language is a natural choice. We have first compiled a parallel corpus Quechua Spanish. We have then stepwise analyzed and annotated the Quechua and the Spanish texts. For Spanish we have used the treebanking guidelines developed by [8]. As for Quechua there were no such guidelines so that we had to experiment with finding the appropriate grammar formalism and develop our own guidelines. In this paper we describe the characteristics of Quechua and our steps towards its morphological and syntactic annotation. We argue for Role and Reference Grammar as a suitable grammar formalism. We briefly describe how we annotated the parallel Spanish texts and demonstrate how we plan to align the Quechua with the Spanish trees.