Synopsis 48 subjects (23 male, 25 female) rated the familiarity of 10 odors varying in chemical complexity from single odorous materials to complex perfumes. The results of these ratings were compared with the results of two experiments in which the same subject judged the perceived complexity of the odors and their pleasantnesusing a paired comparison method. Five of the odors used had also been used in a previous study of similar design. The ranking of perceived complexity of these 5 was highly correlated to the ranking obtained in the previous study, confirming that perceived complexity is a meaningful and measurable concept with untrained respondents. In men but not in women, there was a significant negative correlation between perceived complexity and preference. In women but not in men, preference was positively correlated with familiarity. Familiarity and perceived complexity were unrelated both in men and in women. Women discriminated more strongly between the stimuli in terms of complexity, and their perceived complexity rankings were more highly correlated to chemical complexity than the men's. All of these findings confirmed the findings of the earlier study. A different group of 47 respondents (23 male, 24 female) participated in a parallel experiment of identical design in which the 10 odors were incorporated in a cosmetic cream. Rank order correlations between perceived complexity of the same stimuli in creams and in odorless solvent solutions were positive but not significant; the same was true for the preference ratings. Only between the familiarity ratings of the same stimuli in creams and in solutions were the rank order correlations positive and significant. No significant correlations were found between familiarity, pleasantness, and complexity in creams.