The relevance of the study is determined by the limited number of works devoted to the linguistic problems of scientific dental discourse. In order to improve the professional language competence of specialists, the article presents a comparative analysis of the reference and actual competency models of the language personality of a modern dentist within the paronymic component of scientific professional discourse. Particular attention is paid to the importance of linguistic standardization of various genres of scientific dental texts for the advancement of medical science and professional communication. Materials and Methods. The empirical basis of the study consisted of various genres of scientific dental discourse, including research articles, conference abstracts, monographs, textbooks, teaching manuals, reference books, dissertations, and dissertation abstracts. The study employed general linguistic methods of scientific description, including generalization, systematization, classification, and interpretation of linguistic material. In addition, a descriptive-analytical method was applied to investigate the professional language practices of dentists, while comparative analysis was used to examine differences between the actual and reference competency models within the paronymic component. Results. The actual competency model of the dentist’s language personality was characterized and compared with the reference model in the paronymic domain. Numerous violations of language norms were identified, particularly lexical-grammatical and semantic-stylistic inconsistencies. Conclusions. Significant differences were identified between the actual and reference competency models of the dentist’s language personality, indicating an insufficient level of mastery and practical application of language norms. Difficulties in scientific dental discourse are largely associated with the incorrect use of paronyms and terminological inaccuracies, which may distort semantic interpretation. Bringing the actual language personality of a dentist closer to the reference model requires consideration of the social, cognitive, and verbal-semantic factors involved in its formation, as well as systematic improvement of linguistic competence.