آليات التماسك النصي في خطاب فضيلة الإمام الأكبر أحمد الطيب (فلسفة المساواة في الإسلام، العدل)

يَهدفُ بَحْثُ آليَّاتِ التَّماسُكِ النَّصِّي فِي خِطَابِ فَضِيلَةِ الإِمَامِ الأَكْبَرِ أَحْمَدَ الطَّيِّبِ (فَلْسَفَةُ المُسَاوَاةِ فِي الإِسْلَامِ، العَدْلُ) إِلَىٰ الكَشْفِ عَنْ وَسَائِلِ وَأَدَوَاتِ التَّمَاسُكِ اللُّغَوِيِّ فِي خِطَابِ فَضِيلَتِهِ وَتَنَوُّعِ هَـٰذِهِ الآلِيَّاتِ بَيْنَ النَّحْوِيَّةِ وَالمُعْجَمِيَّةِ وَأَثَرِهِمَا اَلدِّلَالِيِّ وَدَوْرِهِمَا فِي سَبْكِ الخِطَابِ وَاتِّسَاقِ أَجْزَائه وَالرَّبْطِ بَيْنَ عَنَاصِرِهِ الدَّاخِلِيَّةِ والخَارِجِيَّةِ وَاتِّسَاقِهَا مَعَ السِّيَاقِ الخَارِجِيِّ، فَقَدِ تَوَفَّرَ فِي هَـٰذَا الخِطَابِ العَدِيدُ مِنْ وَسَائِلِ التَّمَاسُكِ الَّتِي أَثَّرَتْ فِي وَجَازَةِ الخِطَابِ وَإِيفَائه بِالْمَطْلُوب، فَقَامَ التَّمَاسُكُ بِرَبْطِ جَمِيعِ أَجْزَاءِ النَّصِّ مَعَ وَجَازَتِهِ، وقَدْ كَشَفْتُ عَنْ وَسائِلِ التَّماسُكِ فِي خَطابِ فَضِيلَةِ الإمامِ الأكبَرِ أحمدِ الطيِّبِ (فَلْسَفَةُ المُسَاوَاةِ فِي الإِسْلَامِ، العَدْلُ) مِن خِلالِ تَمْهِيدٍ ومَبْحَثَينِ، أمَّا عَنِ التَّمْهِيدِ فَيَشْتَمِلُ عَلَىٰ: (قَبَسٍ مِن نُّورٍ فِي سِيْرَةِ شَيْخِ الأَزهَرِ أحمدَ الطَّيبِ، مَفْهومِ التَّماسُكِ لُغَةً واصْطِلاحا، أَهمِّيَّتِهِ، أدَوَاتِهِ، أنْواعِهِ)، وأمَّا عَنِ المَباحِثِ، فالمَبْحَثُ الأوَّلُ: الدراسة التطبيقية، اشْتَمَلَ عَلَىٰ نص الخطاب والتعريف به، التَّماسُكِ النَّحْوِيِّ: الإحالَةُ عَلَىٰ المُستَوَيَيْنِ (الإفْرادِيِّ والتَّركِيبِيِّ)أمَّا الإفْرادِيُّ، يَشْمَلُ: (الإحالَةُ بالضَّمِيرَ- اسْمَ الإِشارَةِ- الاسْمَ المَوْصولَ- أدَواتِ المُقارَنَةِ)، وأمَّا الإحالَةُ عَلَىٰ مُسْتَوىٰ التَّراكِيبِ يَشْمَلُ: (الاسْتِفْهامَ، النِّداءَ، الأَمْرَ، والرَّبْطَ)، أمَّا المَبْحَثُ الثَّانِي: آليَّاتُ التَّماسُكِ عَلَىٰ المُسْتَوىٰ المُعْجَمِيِّ: (التَّكْرارُ، المُصاحَبَةُ أوِ التَّضَامُّ، التَّلازُمُ الذِّكْرِيُّ، التَّرادُفُ، والضّد). ووَضَّحْتُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ خلالِ المَنْهَجِ الوَصْفِيِّ بِأَداتَيْهِ: الإحْصاءِ والتَّحْلِيلِ، واعْتَمَدتُّ عَلَىٰ مَصادِرَ مُتَنَوِّعَةٍ فِي كُلِّ فُروعِ اللُّغَةِ الَّتِي تَخْدِمُ البَحْثَ، وفِي نِهايةِ المَطافِ تَوَصَّلْتُ إلىٰ عِدَّةِ نَتائِجَ كانَتْ مَرْجُوَّةً مِنَ البَحْثِ، مِنْ أبْرَزِها: أكَّدَ البَحْثُ عَلَىٰ المَوْهِبَةِ اللُّغَوِيَّةِ الفِطْرِيَّةِ لَدَىٰ فَضِيلَةِ الإمامِ أحمدَ الطيِّبِ، وقُدْرَتِهِ عَلَىٰ الرَّبْطِ بَيْنَ أجْزاءِ النَّصِّ بالإحالاتِ المَقالِيَّةِ والمَقامِيَّةِ، ويَتَأَثَّرُ النَّصُّ بشَخْصِيَّةِ قائِلِهِ وَمَدَىٰ تَأَثُّرِهِ بِالأَعْرَافِ الاجْتِمَاعِيَّةِ والحَالَةِ اَلنَّفْسِيَّةِ وبِالمَوْقِفِ الَّذِي قِيلَ فِيهِ النَّصُّ، وَقَد انْعَكَسَ ذَلِكَ عَلَىٰ خِطَابِهِ، كَمَا أَثْبَتَ البَحْثُ تَعَدُّدَ وَسَائِلِ التَّمَاسُكِ النَّصِّيِّ فِي خِطَابِ فَضِيلَتِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الإِحَالَةُ بِالضَمِيرِ أَكْثَرَ انْتِشَاراً مِنْ غَيْرِهَا مِنْ أَدَوَاتِ التَّمَاسُكِ، وَمِنْ خِلَالِ الإِحْصَاءِ تَبَيَّنَ شُيُوعُ ضَمَائِرِ الغَيْبَةِ وَتَقَارُبُ ضَمَائِرِ التَّكَلُّمِ والْخِطَابِ، مِمَّا يُبَيِّنُ اهْتِمامَ فَضِيلَتِهِ بِأُمُورِ الرَّعِيَّةِ بالرَّغْمِ مِنْ تَعَدُّدِ الأدْيانِ والجِنسِيَّاتِ عَلَىٰ مُسْتَوَىٰ العالَمِ. The research on the mechanisms of textual coherence in the discourse of His Eminence the Grand Imam Ahmed Al-Tayeb (The Philosophy of Equality in Islam, Justice) aims to reveal the means and tools of linguistic coherence in the discourse of his virtue and the diversity of these mechanisms between grammatical and lexical and their semantic impact and their role in casting the discourse and the consistency of its parts and the link between its internal and external elements and their consistency with The external context, has been available in this speech many of the means of cohesion that affected the brevity of the speech and fulfillment of the required, the coherence linked all parts of the text with its briefness, has revealed the means of cohesion in the speech of His Eminence the Grand Imam Ahmed Tayeb (philosophy of equality in Islam, justice) through a preamble and two sections, as for the preamble it includes: (Qabas from the light in Biography of Sheikh Al-Azhar Ahmed Al-Tayeb, the concept of cohesion language and idiomatically, its importance, tools, types), and as for the investigations, the first topic: applied study, included the text of the speech and its definition, grammatical coherence: referral at the two levels (individual and synthetical), the individual, includes: (referral by pronoun - name of the sign - relative name - comparison tools), and the referral at the level of structures includes: (interrogative, call, command, and linkage), and the second topic: the mechanisms of cohesion at the lexical level: (repetition, accompaniment or combination, male correlation, synonymy, and opposite). She clarified this through the descriptive approach with his two tools: statistics and analysis, and relied on various sources in all branches of the language that serve the research, and eventually reached several results that were desired from the research, most notably: The research emphasized the innate linguistic talent of Imam Ahmad Al-Tayeb, and his ability to link parts of the text with essay and maqam references, The text is affected by the personality of the person who said it and the extent to which it is affected by social norms and psychological state and the situation in which the text was said, and this was reflected in his speech, and the research also proved the multiplicity of means of textual coherence in the speech of his virtue, although the referral of conscience is more prevalent than other tools of cohesion, and through statistics show the prevalence of the pronouns of backbiting and the convergence of pronouns Speaking and discourse, which shows the interest of His Eminence in the affairs of the parish despite the multiplicity of religions and nationalities at the level of the world.