The article discusses the role of lexical transformations in the translation process as an important means of preserving the stylistic features of the original text. Every language has its own system of expressive means, word formation and syntactic structures, so translators often face the necessity to adapt a text in order to preserve its meaning, style and emotional colouring. In order to achieve an adequate translation, various types of lexical transformations are widely used to convey the meaning with maximum accuracy and compliance with the communicative norms of the target language. The purpose of this paper is to study the role of lexical transformations in the translation process as a means of preserving the stylistic features of the original text and ensuring its adequacy and equivalence. The article employs the methods of comparative analysis, descriptive method, and contextual, and component analyses to identify the peculiarities of lexical transformations in the process of translation. The material for the analysis was the original texts and their translated counterparts containing various types of lexical transformations. The paper systematises the main types of lexical transformations (specification, generalisation, addition, antonymic translation, substitution) and substantiates their role in preserving the stylistic characteristics of the source text. The relationship between the choice of transformations and the communicative effectiveness of translation is investigated. Our analysis has shown that lexical transformations are a necessary tool in translation activity, as they contribute to the adaptation of the text in accordance with the norms of the target language, preserving the author's style, expressiveness and emotional colouring. The equivalence and adequacy of the translation depends on the correct choice of transformations. It has been found that the effective use of these transformations allows creating translations that not only accurately convey the meaning but also ensure the naturalness of presentation in the target language.