The aim of the study is to gain a systematic understanding of the linguocultural aspects of the linguistic mechanisms that construct social norms, power relations, and models of sociality in the folk song texts of the village of Krasny Yar, Ufa District, Republic of Bashkortostan, revealing their connection to the discursive and social practices of the local community. The article examines the specifics of critical discourse analysis (CDA) in the tradition of N. Fairclough as a tool for linguistic analysis that links the linguistic features of a text with its sociocultural context. The subject of the study comprises lexical-semantic, syntactic, and discursive means involved in the representation of social hierarchies and identities. The novelty of the research lies in the first attempt to integrate the classical methodology of CDA and linguocultural tools with the corpus of folk songs from a specific local tradition, which allows moving from a philological and ethnographic description to an analysis of folklore as an active discursive practice that transmits social reality. As a result, the key discourses represented in the songs have been systematized: the discourse of patriarchal power, the discourse of social stratification, and the discourse of the community’s interaction with external institutions; the role of folk songs as a tool for the symbolic maintenance of order and the articulation of latent social tensions has been determined.