This article investigates national-cultural specificity in language and its impact on translation through a comparative analysis of English and Uzbek. National-cultural specificity is examined as a linguistic and cultural phenomenon that encodes a community’s worldview, social norms, and value systems in lexical choices, phraseology, and pragmatic conventionsThe article further explores the challenges these cultural differences pose for translation, including untranslatability, pragmatic mismatch, and semantic gaps, and discusses strategies such as borrowing, cultural substitution, explicitation, and adaptation to preserve meaning.