The article analyses the structure, semantics and word building of the early grammatical terminology as a reflection of spiritual cultural values of the ethnos. The attempts and ways of the authors of the “Grammar book” are shown in order to form native scientific tradition of the definitions of the parts of speech and their categories. The actuality of the subject is stipulated by the necessity to clarify the role of the ancient grammatical science in the development of national peculiarities of the formation of terms, comprehension of the reception of the work of Greek-Roman grammatical science in the formation of Ukrainian morphological terminology. The aim of the work is to study the structure of terms, the regularities of their creation, the study of systemic relations between the units of the terminological vocabulary and the formation of the Ukrainian grammatical terminology in the aspect of modern national terminology through the prism of the ancient reception. Research methods. Descriptive scientific method was used to characterize extralinguistic factors of the development of Ukrainian linguistics, comparative-historical in order to find out the origin of terminological lexemes and historical changes in their semantic structure, comparable was used to determine the relationship between the names of parts of the language at the time of antiquity and in the period of the formation of Ukrainian grammatical science, its tracing ways, etc. The parts of speech are relevant in the same relation to a grammatical and lexical description of the language. The theory of the parts of speech is the foundation for grammar because all grammar books are built as a description of the parts of speech by their morphological, mainly word-changing, characteristics. Ukrainian grammatical theory was considerably affected by the Greek-Latin canon of a grammatical description. According to ancient tradition, in the first Ukrainian grammar book there were eight parts of speech to distinguish and the names of the categories often arose by copying the corresponding Latin accidents. Conclusions.Constructional characteristics taken into grammatical description of the Ukrainian language modeled the tendencies of the further grammatical abstraction as to the norms of the Ukrainian language, including specific specialization of the grammatical characteristics directed to the disclosure of the ethnical essence of the native literary language.