The relevance of the research is determined by the need to study issues of synonymy that have not received an unambiguous interpretation in linguistics, the need to expand and systematize knowledge about the main groups, structural and semantic characteristics and usage of lexical units, in particular, synonyms and metaphors. Along with the study of synonymous relations at the language level, it becomes necessary to consider them in speech use in order to identify the dynamics of diverse semantic relations. The work defines the main types of these connections, proposes a methodology for identifying the structural and semantic characteristics of conceptual synonyms and metаphors, as well as the peculiarities of the functioning of their context and in speech. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it attempts to clarify the essence of the interdependence and interconnection of the phenomena of synonymy and metаphors at the lexical level. The practical value of the article lies in the fact that its results can be used in lectures and seminars on lexicology, in special courses on synonymy in practical classes in the Azerbaijani language at a university and school, when writing diploma and term papers, when developing textbooks on lexicology of modern the Azerbaijani language, as well as in lexicographic practice. The aim of the work is to study the structural and semantic features of lexical synonyms in the language, as well as to identify the specifics of the implementation of synonyms and metaphors in speech. In this way the relevance of the study is determined by a number of points: the fruitfulness of studying the problem of the closeness of word meanings within different contexts, since contextually conditioned connections between the meanings of lexical units reflect the process of individual, creative experience of a person of the surrounding reality and open access to the subjective perception of a semantic community by a native speaker; the need to investigate the active state of language in society, which is realized in the study of the use and functioning of language in fiction, influencing the spread of language norms, reflecting the natural state of the language.