Materials The selected pictures (248 in total: 120 neutral and 128 negative) were drawn from five different standardized affective picture sets (see Table 1 for details on which images were selected from each set). Participants were recruited from Utrecht University via campus advertisements. The Dutch sample consisted of 103 participants (90 females), all native Dutch speakers, with a mean age of 20.93 years (SD = 2.42). Their responses provide the arousal and valence ratings with these 248 images. Task Design This is a emotion rating test conducted online via the Gorilla platform. Each trial began with a 1500-ms fixation, followed by a 2000-ms presentation of the target image. After a 1000-ms delay, the SAM scales appeared and remained on screen until the participant responded, with arousal rated first and valence second (Figure 1). DATA · The folder titled “Open_Data_Dutch_Norm_Data” contains an Excel files named “V1_Dutch_norm_data_arousal_pp103” and “V1_Dutch_norm_data_valence_pp103”, which includes raw data on arousal and valence, along with their response times during the rating task, respectively. · The same columns in both files are: Subject, Gender, Image, Scale, Picture_Valence, Response, Response_Duration. · Within-subject factor: Picture_Valence (negative, neutral)