Cross language measurement equivalence of the center for epidemiologic studies depression ces d scale in systemic sclerosis a comparison of canadian and dutch patients

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AuthorsKwakkenbos, Linda, Arthurs, Erin, van den Hoogen, Frank H. J., Hudson, Marie, van Lankveld, Wim G. J. M., Baron, Murray, van den Ende, Cornelia H. M., Thombs, Brett D.

Year2013

Abstract

Objectives: Increasingly, medical research involves patients who complete outcomes in different languages. This occurs in countries with more than one common language, such as Canada (French/English) or the United States (Spanish/English), as well as in international multi-centre collaborations, which are utilized frequently in rare diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). In order to pool or compare outcomes, instruments should be measurement equivalent (invariant) across cultural or linguistic groups. This study provides an example of how to assess cross-language measurement equivalence by comparing the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale between English-speaking Canadian and Dutch SSc patients. Methods: The CES-D was completed by 922 English-speaking Canadian and 213 Dutch SSc patients. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the factor structure in both samples. The Multiple-Indicator Multiple-Cause (MIMIC) model was utilized to assess the amo)