Abstract. At present, little is known about the structure of the mental lexicons of children who use cochlear implants. In this paper, we report preliminary analyses of errors from the Lexical Neighborhood Test, an open-set monosyllabic word recognition test, by children with profound hearing loss who use cochlear implants. Frequency and lexical neighborhood characteristics of errors were compared to those of target words using lexical databases derived from both child and adult word-frequency counts. Results demonstrate that pediatric cochlear implant users recognize words in the context of other, phonologically similar words. The structure of the mental lexicons of these children is discussed.