In article the known problem of language ontogenesis is considered in the light of the new knowledge received for last decades in sphere of such sciences, as historical linguistics, glottochronology, archaeological anthropology, anthropological genetics, geology and biology. The contradictions arising by comparison of received knowledge are presented. The hypothesis of mental monogenesis is offered which allows to remove a part of existing contradictions. The new approaches are offered based on use of linguistic databases, created recently, for carrying out of the further researches on a problem of ontogenesis.