In the present paper, we examined the effects of autobiographically induced mood and music on emotional evaluations of and psychophysiological responses to music in 48 subjects. Participants listened to music after a mood induction. Both music and induction varied on the dimensions of valence (pleasant - unpleasant) and arousal (high - low). During mood induction and listening to music, psychophysiological responses were measured continuously to assess physiological arousal (indexed by electrodermal activity) and the valence of the emotional state (indexed by facial muscle activity) of the participant. After listening to music, participants evaluated the music using pictorial scales for valence and arousal. As expected, subjects were in a more positive emotional state during listening to pleasant than unpleasant music and also evaluated the music more positively after a pleasant compared to an unpleasant pre-existing mood. As also expected, high-arousal music and pre-existing mood generated both higher physiological arousal and higher arousal ratings compared to low-arousal pre-existing mood and music. We found no support for the principle of mood-congruency, which posits that individuals preferentially process emotional stimuli that are congruent in emotional tone with their current mood state.