Leipzig affective norms for german a reliability study

To facilitate investigations of verbal emotional processing, we introduce$\backslash$nthe Leipzig Affective Norms for German (LANG), a list of 1,000 German$\backslash$nnouns that have been rated for emotional valence, arousal, and concreteness.$\backslash$nA critical factor regarding the quality of normative word data is$\backslash$ntheir reliability. We therefore acquired ratings from a sample that$\backslash$nwas tested twice, with an interval of 2 years, to calculate test-retest$\backslash$nreliability. Furthermore, we recruited a second sample to test reliability$\backslash$nacross independent samples. The results show (1) the typical quadratic$\backslash$nrelation of valence and arousal, replicating previous data, (2) very$\backslash$nhigh test-retest reliability ({\textgreater}.95), and (3) high correlations between$\backslash$nthe two samples ({\textgreater}.85). Because the range of ratings was also very$\backslash$nhigh, we provide a comprehensive set of words with reliable affective$\backslash$nnorms, which makes it possible to select highly controlled subsamples$\backslash$nvarying in emotional status. The database is available as a supplement$\backslash$nfor this article at http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.