Universal logical relations of identity and opposition are reflected in such linguistic phenomena as synonymy and antonymy. The correlation of these phenomena becomes mostly apparent in analysing the structures of their lexical microparadigms. This research is made on ideographic dictionaries of synonyms. In those dictionaries the synonymic rows are distributed among denotative spheres. As the research shows the principle of opposition works at different levels of conversation. It can become system-generative for the denotative sphere as a whole. It is reflected, for instance, in the group names of the sphere ''emotions'': ''luck misfortune'', ''happiness sadness'', ''hope despair'', etc. For other spheres the opposition is not a system-generating principle. However, oppositional meanings play a very important role here. For example, in the sphere ''economy'' the meaning of the opposition is presented in every group specified in oppositional synonymic rows: ''rich poor'', ''profit loss'', ''profitable unprofitable''. Inside the denotative-ideographic groups, opposition relations of synonymic rows are realized in two different ways as symmetric and asymmetric ones. In the symmetric construction every member of one row is antonymic to every member of another row and to the entire row itself. For example: profitable, favourable, lucrative, paying, advantageous (colloquial style) unprofitable, unfavourable, non-lucrative, not paying, disadvantageous. In the asymmetric construction synonymic rows expressing the opposite meaning partly intersect. Most synonymic rows with opposite meanings forming antonymic groups realise the counter type of antonymy. As a rule, these are rows of graded synonyms. Complementary type of antonymy is realised when the norm is displaced to the side of positive evaluation. It happens, for instance, in the denotative sphere ''religion'' where synonymic rows characterizing the person and their behaviour reflect the idea of a religious norm. The contrast of some synonymic rows reflecting universal cultural oppositions refers to antonymic rows. For example, the archetypical opposition ''mine yours'' is reflected in contrasting rows ''co-religionist adherent of a different faith''. Thus, the ideographic principle of lexis description gives an opportunity to analyse the correlation of different types of paradigmatic groups.