This article explores euphemisms in modern English from both semantic and pragmatic perspectives, focusing on how indirect expressions are used to replace direct or socially sensitive words. Euphemisms play an important role in communication by reducing emotional impact, avoiding taboo language, and maintaining politeness in interaction. From a semantic perspective, euphemisms involve meaning shifts such as generalization, metaphorical substitution, and lexical softening, where the original meaning is preserved but expressed in a less direct form. From a pragmatic perspective, euphemisms are highly context-dependent and are influenced by social norms, speaker intention, and the relationship between interlocutors. The study highlights that euphemisms are widely used in everyday communication, education, healthcare, politics, and media discourse, where they serve both communicative and strategic functions. The findings show that euphemisms are not only linguistic tools but also social instruments that shape perception and manage interpersonal relationships.