The study of the linguistic representation of the "human character" concept in Russian and Arabic linguocultures is determined by insufficient research on the lexical layer. The aim is a comparative analysis of adjectives denoting human character in the Russian and Arabic languages to identify linguocultural specificity. Research was conducted using componential analysis, paradigmatic and syntagmatic identification within linguoculturology and contrastive semantics. The Russian language possesses a developed system of negative descriptors, while Arabic demonstrates predominance of positive evaluations conditioned by religious-ethical norms. Significant differences were revealed in axiological marking of intellectual, social, and emotional characteristics between linguocultural communities. Research results are significant for intercultural communication and language teaching.