The expansion and consolidation of the use of state language in scientific and professional domains is one of the priority directions of Kazakhstan’s language policy and national development strategy. In this regard, the adaptation of sectoral terminology, including the medical terminological system, to national linguistic norms is particularly relevant in the process of enhancing the status of the Kazakh language as a language of science. The study of the terminological nature of bone and joint names allows for the identification, structuring and systematization of the fundamental lexical layer of national medical terminology. As a structural core of anatomical terminology, bone and joint names form the basis of medical diagnoses, disease nomenclature, and clinical discourse. Their unification, codification and lexicographical description in the Kazakh language are considered essential steps toward ensuring the full-fledged functioning of the state language in medical education, professional translation and the healthcare system. Despite belonging to the original lexical fund of the Kazakh language and being widely used in ethnolinguistic and phraseological domains, their representation in modern sectoral dictionaries, textbooks and especially in clinical discourse remains inconsistent. The lexical field of bones and joints, shaped by traditional medicine and embedded in the national worldview and value system of the Kazakh people, has a rich historical, linguistic, and cultural foundation. Considering these lexical units as an integral part of the national terminological system constitutes an important scientific and applied task. This article examines the linguistic foundations of the Kazakhization process in the medical terminological system. It substantiates the relevance of studying bone and joint terminology, analyzing the degree of their codification in the Kazakh language, models of term formation, and the current state of their lexicographical representation.